Ukwenza abafundi abakwazi ukufunda, ukuqonda, ukuguquka okuqhubekayo emisebenzini yokufunda, ukuguqula ukufunda kube ukwenza nokukhombisa ukufunda njengenqubo eqhubekayo

Kunalokho okuphokophelelwe okune kwabafundi abakwazi ukufunda, ukuqonda, ukuguquka okuqhubekayo emisebenzini yokufunda, ukuguqula ukufunda kube ukwenza nokukhombisa ukufunda njengenqubo eqhubekayo kukunye okufaka izinjongo zokufunda eziningi. Ngesikhathi okunye kwalokho okuphokophelelwe okuyindlela yokufundisa egxile endleleni yomuntu ngamunye yokufunda nokubamba iqhaza endaweni yolwazi yanamuhla nezinjongo zokufunda okuqinisekisa izimiso zokukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi okubalulekile kwesikhathi eside, okunye kusha, okukhombisa indawo yanamuhla yolwazi oluguqukayo. Izinjongo eziningi ezithile zokufunda ziyaqhubeka kakhulu kusukela ekukwazini ukusebenzisa ulwazi okwejwayelekile, ukuhlinzeka imiphumela engasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi zemfundo.

Ukufunda okuyindlela yokufundisa egxile endleleni yomuntu ngamunye yokufunda nokubamba iqhaza endaweni yolwazi yanamuhla kungena ngaphansi kwemikhakha emine: ukuziphatha (okufanele kwenziwe abafundi uma beqeda ngempumelelo imisebenzi yokufunda – amakhono, amakhono okukwazi ukwenza okuthile ngempumelelo), ukusebenzisa umqondo (okufanele abafundi bakwazi emva kokuqeda ngempumelelo imisebenzi yokufunda—ukuqonda umbhalo, ukuhlela, ukwenza, ukuhlola), imizwa (ukuguquka kwemizwa yomfundi nokucabanga ngandlela thile ngokuzibandakanya nemisebenzi yokufunda), kanye nokwazi nokuqonda imicabango yakho (okucatshangwa abafundi mayelana nokucabanga kwabo—ukuqonda ukuthi bafunda kanjani futhi kungani befunda, yini abayaziyo nabangayazi, imiqondo yabo eyakheke ngaphambi kokuthola ulwazi, nokuthi baqhubeka kanjani nokufunda). Injongo yokufunda ngayinye ngezansi ingena ithi khaxa kowodwa noma kweminingi yale mikhakha, futhi ibhalwe kanjalo (U omele ukuziphatha, UU omele ukusebenzisa umqondo, I omele imizwa, UNIY omele ukwazi ukuqonda imicabanga yakho).

Lezi zinjongo zokufunda ziyakwemukela ukuthi “abafundi” abakwazi ukufunda, ukuqonda, ukuguquka okuqhubekayo emisebenzini yokufunda, ukuguqula ukufunda kube ukwenza nokukhombisa ukufunda njengenqubo eqhubekayo njengoba bebizwa kanjalo lapha, kufanele bafunde ngokuqhubekayo, uma kubhekwa ububanzi bolwazi obuguquka njalo nangokushesha.  Abafundisi nabafundi bangahlangabezana nalezi zinjongo ngezindlela eziningi, kuye ngengqikithi yokufunda, ukukhetha ohlwini lwemisebenzi yokufunda.  Izinjongo zicatshangwa ngokubanzi, ukuze zihlale zikwazi ukulinganiseka, zilokhu zikwazi ukukhiqizeka, nokuthi zitholakale ezingqikithini eziningi.

Okuphokophelelwe koku-1: Ukuhlola umbhalo ngesikhathi futhi kuhlolwa ukuchema okuphathelene nomuntu qobo

1. Qinisekisa ubungoti wamukele ukuthi ongoti bakhona. (I, UU)
2. Yamukela ukuthi umbhalo awuhlale ukhiqizelwa njalo izizathu okuyizona, nokuthi ukuchema kukhona, kokubili okungabonakali ngokusobala nokusobala. (UU)
3. Bheka ukuthi ucabangani ngolwazi noma indawo yolwazi ukubheka ukubona ngezindlela eziningi. (I, UNIY)
4. Funa ulwazi emibonweni nasemithonjeni eminingi. (U)
5. Hlonza ukuthi inhloso yomthombo, uhlobo lombhalo, nendlela yokuletha ulwazi kunomthelela kanjani ezimisweni zesimo esithile. (U, UU)
6. Hlukanisa phakathi kokuphawula kokuhlela umbhalo nendlela ethile yokucabanga eyakhelwe ocwaningweni, wamukele ukuthi izimiso nezinkolelo zikulo lonke ulwazi. (UU)
7. Hlonza ukubaluleka kolwazi olusemthethweni nolungekho emthethweni emithonjeni eyehlukene ye-intanethi, njengephathelene nemfundo, owenziwe abasebenzisi, izinsizakufundisa ezivulelekile. (UU)
8. Hlola ulwazi olwenziwe umsebenzisi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana bese wehlukanisa phakathi kombono neqiniso. (U, UU)
9. Hlola ulwazi ngokugxeka kuyo yonke imithombo, okufaka umbhalo oguquguqukayo otholakala kwi-intanethi. (U)
10. Hlola ukuthi ucabangani ngolwazi olwethulwayo nokuthi lunomthelela kanjani endleleni ozokwenza ngayo. (I, UNIY)

Okuphokophelelwe kwe-2: Zibandakanye nawo wonke umsebenzi oqanjiwe ngokwenkambiso yokulungileyo nangendlela yokwethembeka

1. Yehlukanisa phakathi kokukhiqiza ulwazi lokuqala nokwenza kabusha umbhalo onemvume. (UU)
2. Ziphonsele inselelo ukuqhamuka nezindlela zenkambiso yokulungileyo nezintsha ukwakhela emiqondweni yabanye oyithola ijabulisa futhi nedonsa amehlo. (I, UUIY)
3. Cabangisisa ukuthi ungawufaka kanjani umsebenzi oqanjwe omunye umuntu ngendlela efanele nangokwenkambiso yokulungileyo emikhiqizweni yakho oyiqambile nobuye wayixuba futhi. (UNIY)
4. Khiqiza ngendlela eyethembekile nokwabelana ngolwazi lokuqala nokwenza kabusha futhi ngokwenkambiso yokulungileyo futhi wenzele umbhalo onemvume ukuthi ube nenye inhloso. (U)
5. Hlukanisa phakathi kolwazi oluphathelene nomphakathi noluphathelene nawe bese uthatha izinqumo ngokwenkambiso yokulungileyo nezakhelwe olwazini ngokwabelana ngendlela efanele ngolwazi kwi-intanethi. (UU)
6. Hlukanisa phakathi kwelungelo lokushicilela, izimvume lapho uvumela khona abanye abantu benze abakwenzayo ngomsebenzi wakho, nezimvume ezivulelekile ekwenziweni nasekunikweni imvume kombhalo wokuqala nowenzelwe enye inhloso. (U, UU)
7. Hlonza futhi ulandele izinto ezilindelekile ezihambisana nomsebenzi wokuqanjiwe ezithile endaweni osebenza kuyo. (U, UU)

Okuphokophelelwe kwe-3: Khiqiza futhi wabelane ngolwazi ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswana ngokubambisana kuzo futhi nokubanjwa kuzo iqhaza

1. Zibone njengomkhiqizi nomsebenzisi wolwazi. (I, UNIY)
2. Ukubamba iqhaza ngokucophelela okukhulu nangokwenkambiso yokulungileyo ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswana khona ngokubambisana. (U)
3. Vikela ingasese eliphathelene nawe bese uvikela ulwazi oluphathelene nawe kwi-intanethi. (U, UU)
4. Yabelana ngolwazi ngokuqondile futhi nangendlela esebenza ngempumelelo ngokukhiqiza umbhalo usebenzisa izindlela ezifanele neziguqukayo. (U)
5. Humusha ulwazi olwethuliwe lusuka kwennye indlela luya kwenye ukuze luhlangabezane kangcono nabalaleli abathile. (U, UU)
6. Yemukela ukuthi abafundi nabo bangabafundisi nokufundisa okwaziyo noma ukufunda ezimweni lapho kusetshenziswana khona ngokubambisana. (I, U, UU)
7. Hlola ngokugxeka futhi uqinisekise umbhalo owenziwe umsebenzisi bese usebenzisa ngokufanele ekwenziweni kolwazi olusha. (U, UU)
8. Ukwemukela izimiso nezinqubo ezemukelekile okuphathelene nosiko okwehlukene ukwakha nokwabelana ngolwazi kubalaleli bomhlaba jikelele. (U, UU)

Okuphokophelelwe kwe-4: Ukuvela namasu okufunda ukuhlangabezana nalokho okuphokophelelwe kwesikhathi eside okuphathelene nawe nomsebenzi owufundele

1. Yemukela ukuthi ukufunda yinqubo nokuthi ukubhekisisa amaphutha kuholela ekuqondeni okujulile nasekutholeni izinto ezisha. (UNIY)
2. Hlola ukufunda ukuhlonza kokubili ulwazi olutholakele nezikhala ekuqondeni. (UU, UNIY)
3. Yemukela ukuthi ukucabanga okokunokuhlaziya nokuhlola kuncike olwazini lwesihloko nokulandela ukuqonda okujulile ngokubuza nangokucwaninga. (I, U, UU, UNIY)
4. Ukuphikelela kwesimiso, ukukwazi ukuhambisana nezimo ezithile, kanye nokukwazi ukuguquka ekufundeni kwesikhathi eside. (UNIY)
5. Hambisana nezimo ezintsha zokufunda ngesikhathi ukwazi ukuguquka mayelana nezindlela ezehlukene ekufundeni. (I, U)
6. Ukukwazi ukuhambisana nokuqonda ubuchwepheshe obusha nomthelela onabo ekufundeni. (I, U)
7. Xhumana nabanye ngokuyimpumelelo nokusebenzisana nabo ezindaweni okusetshenziswana kuzo ukufunda ezintweni ezibonakala ngandlela thile eziningi. (U, UU)
8. Bandakanyeka ekufundeni okwakhelwe olwazini nalapho uzifundela khona ngokwakho okukhuthaza ukubona umhlaba ngendlela ethile okubanzi ngodumo emhlabeni jikelele lwendawo yenkundla yezokuxhumana yanamhlanje. (U, UNIY)
9. Sebenzisa ukufunda okuyindlela yokufundisa egxile endleleni yomuntu ngamunye yokufunda nokubamba iqhaza endaweni yolwazi yanamuhla njengesimiso nokwenza izinto kwesikhathi eside. (UNIY)

Wenziwe kuqala ababambiqhaza ababandakanyeka kwi-SUNY Innovative Instruction Technology Grant, Ukuqhamuka nendlela yokufunda yokusebenzisa amaqembu ukwenza ngcono ukufunda ngokusebenzisana kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezehlukene ukuqhakambisa ulwazi namakhono aphathelene nobuchwepheshe bekhulunyaka lama-21, okwakhelwe ezinjongweni ku-Mackey and Jacobson, Ukuguqula ikhono lokusebenzisa ulwazi njengendlela yokufundisa egxile endleleni yomuntu ngamunye yokufunda nokubamba iqhaza endaweni yolwazi yanamuhla, C & RL, 72.1 Januwari 2011 http://crl.acrl.org/content/72/1/62.full.pdf+html

Michele Forte (Empire State College), Trudi Jacobson (University at Albany), Tom Mackey (Empire State College), Emer O’Keeffe (University at Albany), and Kathleen Stone (Empire State College)

Abanye futhi abafake isandla: Richard Fogarty (University at Albany), Brian Morgan and Kim Davies-Hoffman (SUNY Geneseo), Jennifer Ashton and Logan Rath (SUNY Brockport), Carleen Huxley (Jefferson Community College), and Nancy E. Adams (Penn State Hershey)

Isicaphuno esiphakanyisiwe:

Jacobson, T., Mackey, T., O’Brien, K., Forte, M., & O’Keeffe, E. (2018). 2018 metaliteracy goals and learning objectives. Metaliteracy. https://metaliteracy.org/learning-objectives/2018-metaliteracy-goals-and-learning-objectives/